A SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) tear is a specific type of shoulder injury that involves the labrum, which is the cartilage ring that lines the shoulder socket. A SLAP tear is a tear of the top portion of the labrum, which can lead to shoulder pain and instability.
Symptoms
- Deep shoulder pain
- Weakness in the shoulder
- Catching, locking, or popping sensation
- Decreased range of motion
- Pain with overhead movements
- Pain with throwing or reaching back
- A sensation of instability in the shoulder
Causes
- Trauma or injury, such as a fall onto an outstretched arm or a direct blow to the shoulder
- Repetitive overhead motions, such as those performed in throwing sports or weightlifting
- Aging and wear and tear on the shoulder joint
Risk factors
- Participation in overhead sports, such as baseball, volleyball, and tennis
- Heavy lifting or repetitive overhead work
- Previous shoulder injuries or surgeries
- Poor posture or mechanics during sports or work activities
- Aging, as the labrum can become weaker and more prone to tearing
Associated conditions
- Rotator cuff tears
- Shoulder instability
- Biceps tendonitis
- Shoulder impingement syndrome
- Frozen shoulder
Diagnosis
- Physical exam to assess range of motion and strength in the shoulder
- Imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to confirm the presence of a SLAP tear
Differential diagnosis
- Rotator cuff tear
- Biceps tendonitis
- Shoulder impingement syndrome
- Frozen shoulder
Treatment options
- Non-surgical: Rest, ice, physical therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and improve shoulder function.
- Surgical: Arthroscopic surgery is the most common treatment for SLAP tears. During the procedure, the surgeon will use small incisions and a camera to view and repair the torn labrum.
Typical recovery timeframes
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the injury and the type of treatment. Non-surgical treatment may take several weeks to several months, while surgical treatment may require several months of rehabilitation.
Prognosis
With proper treatment, most people with SLAP tears can expect to regain full range of motion and strength in the shoulder. However, some individuals may experience residual pain or instability in the shoulder, even after treatment.