AC joint injury, also known as acromioclavicular joint injury, is a type of shoulder injury that affects the joint where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the shoulder blade (scapula). This joint is important for shoulder movement and stability, and an injury to this joint can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and instability in the shoulder.
Symptoms: The symptoms of an AC joint injury can include pain and tenderness in the joint, swelling, a visible bump on top of the shoulder, limited range of motion, difficulty lifting or using the arm, and a popping or grinding sensation in the shoulder.
Causes: An AC joint injury can be caused by a fall onto the shoulder, a direct blow to the shoulder, or a sudden forceful movement of the arm. Athletes who participate in contact sports or sports that involve overhead movements, such as football, hockey, and volleyball, are at a higher risk of AC joint injuries.
Risk factors: Risk factors for AC joint injuries include participating in contact sports, repetitive overhead movements, poor posture, and muscle imbalances.
Associated conditions: An AC joint injury can be associated with other shoulder injuries, such as rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and clavicle fractures.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of an AC joint injury is typically done through a physical exam, including range of motion testing and palpation of the joint. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or an MRI, may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the injury.
Differential diagnosis: Other conditions that can cause shoulder pain and limited range of motion, such as rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and bursitis, should be considered as differential diagnoses.
Treatment options: Treatment for an AC joint injury depends on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical options may include rest, ice, physical therapy, and medications to control pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to stabilize the joint or reconstruct the ligaments.
Typical recovery timeframes: Recovery timeframes for an AC joint injury vary depending on the severity of the injury and the treatment approach. Non-surgical treatment may take several weeks to several months for complete recovery. Surgery may require several months of rehabilitation before full recovery is achieved.
Prognosis: The prognosis for an AC joint injury is generally good with proper treatment and rehabilitation. Most people are able to return to their normal activities with little to no long-term complications. However, if the injury is severe or if there are associated injuries, the prognosis may be less favorable.