Mallet finger, also known as baseball finger, is a condition that occurs when the tendon that connects the end of the finger to the muscles in the forearm is damaged or torn. This injury can result in a deformity in the finger, specifically at the end joint (DIP joint) which becomes bent downwards and unable to straighten.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of mallet finger include:
- Pain and tenderness at the end of the finger
- Inability to fully straighten the finger at the DIP joint
- Swelling and bruising at the end of the finger
- A visible deformity, with the fingertip bent downward
Causes
Mallet finger is most commonly caused by a direct blow or trauma to the fingertip. This can occur when a ball hits the fingertip or when the finger is jammed, for example, when trying to catch a ball.
Risk Factors
People who engage in activities that involve throwing, catching, or hitting objects with their hands, such as athletes or manual laborers, are at higher risk for mallet finger. Additionally, people with weakened or damaged tendons due to other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, may also be at higher risk.
Associated Conditions
Mallet finger may be associated with other injuries, such as fractures or dislocations of the finger.
Diagnosis:
A healthcare provider will typically diagnose mallet finger based on a physical examination of the finger and a review of the patient’s medical history. X-rays may also be used to rule out any other injuries, such as fractures or dislocations.
Differential Diagnosis
Other conditions that can present with similar symptoms to mallet finger include tendon injuries, fractures, or dislocations.
Treatment Options
The most common treatment for mallet finger is immobilization of the affected finger with a splint or a specially designed finger brace. The finger should be kept straight at all times, including during sleep, for a period of 6-8 weeks. In some cases, surgery may be necessary if the injury is severe or if conservative treatment fails.
Typical Recovery Timeframes
It typically takes around 6-8 weeks for the tendon to heal and for the finger to regain full function. During this time, the splint or brace should be worn continuously to ensure that the finger remains immobilized.
Prognosis
With proper treatment, most people with mallet finger will make a full recovery and regain full function of their finger. However, if the injury is severe or if it is not treated promptly, the finger may not fully straighten and may be permanently deformed.