A long head biceps tendon rupture occurs when the biceps tendon that attaches to the shoulder joint is torn or completely separated from the bone. This can result in weakness, pain, and limited range of motion in the affected shoulder.
Symptoms
- Sudden and severe pain in the shoulder, followed by an audible popping sound
- Weakness in the shoulder or arm
- Bruising or swelling around the shoulder or upper arm
- A bulge in the upper arm caused by the biceps muscle retracting
Causes
- Overuse or repetitive stress to the biceps tendon
- Trauma or injury to the shoulder joint, such as a fall or dislocation
- Degeneration of the tendon due to age or wear and tear
Risk factors
- Advanced age
- Participation in sports or activities that require repetitive overhead motions, such as baseball or swimming
- Having a history of shoulder injuries or previous biceps tendon tears
Associated conditions
- Rotator cuff tears
- Shoulder impingement syndrome
- Bursitis
- Tendonitis
Diagnosis
- Physical examination, including range of motion and strength testing
- Imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRI or ultrasound, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the damage
Differential diagnosis
- Rotator cuff tear
- Shoulder impingement syndrome
- Bursitis
- Tendonitis
Treatment options
- Conservative treatment, such as rest, ice, and physical therapy to strengthen the shoulder and improve range of motion
- Anti-inflammatory medications or corticosteroid injections to reduce pain and swelling
- Surgery to repair the torn tendon, which may involve reattaching the tendon to the bone or removing the damaged portion of the tendon
Typical recovery timeframes
- Conservative treatment may take several weeks to several months for full recovery
- Recovery from surgery may take several months, and physical therapy is typically required
Prognosis
With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most patients can regain full strength and range of motion in the affected shoulder. However, some patients may experience lingering pain or weakness, and a small percentage may require additional surgery.