Femoral hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when a portion of the abdominal contents (usually the intestine) protrudes through the femoral canal, a narrow passage that runs from the abdomen to the thigh. Femoral hernias are less common than inguinal hernias but can still cause significant discomfort and complications if left untreated.
Symptoms
- A bulge or swelling in the groin or upper thigh area
- Pain or discomfort in the groin or thigh, especially when coughing, lifting, or straining
- Nausea and vomiting (if the hernia becomes strangulated)
- Constipation or difficulty passing gas (if the hernia is blocking the intestine)
- Redness, tenderness, or swelling in the affected area
Causes and Risk factors
Femoral hernias occur when there is weakness or opening in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents can protrude. Some factors that can increase the risk of developing a femoral hernia include:
- Being female (femoral hernias are more common in women)
- Age (older adults are at higher risk)
- Obesity or being overweight
- Pregnancy or childbirth
- Chronic cough or straining during bowel movements
- Prior abdominal surgery or injury
Associated conditions
Femoral hernias can be associated with other medical conditions that increase the risk of hernia development, such as connective tissue disorders or conditions that cause chronic coughing or straining.
Diagnosis
Femoral hernias are typically diagnosed through a physical exam and medical history review. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the hernia.
Differential Diagnosis
Femoral hernias can be mistaken for other types of hernias or conditions that cause groin or thigh pain, such as inguinal hernias, lymphadenopathy, or hip joint problems.
Treatment options
Surgical repair is the most common treatment for femoral hernias. The type of surgery performed depends on the size and severity of the hernia, as well as the patient’s overall health. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive option that uses small incisions and a camera to guide the repair. Open surgery may be necessary for larger hernias or in patients with other medical conditions that increase the risk of complications. In some cases, a hernia truss or supportive garment may be recommended as a temporary measure.
Typical recovery timeframes and prognosis
Recovery time after hernia surgery varies depending on the type of surgery performed and the patient’s overall health. Most patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks after laparoscopic surgery, while recovery after open surgery may take longer. With prompt treatment, the outlook for patients with femoral hernias is generally good, and the risk of complications is low. However, if the hernia becomes strangulated, emergency surgery may be required, and there is a risk of serious complications such as tissue damage, infection, or bowel obstruction.