Distal biceps tendon rupture is a condition in which the tendon that connects the biceps muscle in the upper arm to the forearm bone at the elbow joint tears or ruptures. It is more common in men than women, and usually occurs in the dominant arm.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a distal biceps tendon rupture may include:
- Sudden and severe pain in the elbow
- Swelling and bruising in the elbow
- Weakness in the affected arm
- Difficulty bending or straightening the elbow
- A visible gap in the biceps muscle near the elbow
Causes
Distal biceps tendon rupture typically occurs as a result of a sudden and forceful contraction of the biceps muscle, often during activities such as lifting heavy weights, pulling or pushing heavy objects, or playing sports that require repetitive throwing motions.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for distal biceps tendon rupture include age (it is more common in people over 40), male gender, smoking, and certain medical conditions that weaken the tendon, such as chronic steroid use or rheumatoid arthritis.
Associated Conditions
Distal biceps tendon rupture may be associated with other conditions that affect the elbow joint, such as osteoarthritis or tennis elbow.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider will typically diagnose distal biceps tendon rupture based on a physical examination of the affected arm and a review of the patient’s medical history. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRI scans, may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.
Differential Diagnosis
Other conditions that can present with similar symptoms to distal biceps tendon rupture include elbow sprain, elbow dislocation, and radial head fracture.
Treatment Options
The treatment for distal biceps tendon rupture may include rest, ice, and the use of supportive devices, such as a sling or brace, to help alleviate symptoms and promote healing. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help regain strength and range of motion in the affected arm. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reattach the torn tendon to the bone.
Typical Recovery Timeframes
The recovery time for distal biceps tendon rupture can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the treatment used. Non-surgical treatment typically takes 3-6 months for recovery, while surgical treatment may take up to 6 months for full recovery.
Prognosis
With proper treatment and management, most people with distal biceps tendon rupture will make a full recovery and regain full function of their affected arm. However, in some cases, the injury may cause long-term complications, such as chronic pain or weakness in the affected arm.