Cervical disc herniation is a medical condition that occurs when the outer layer of a cervical disc ruptures, and the inner layer protrudes out of the disc. This can put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and cause symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness.
Symptoms
- Neck pain that can radiate to the shoulder, arm, and hand on one side
- Numbness or tingling sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand on one side
- Weakness in the shoulder, arm, and hand on one side
- Loss of fine motor skills in the hand on one side
- Reduced reflexes
Causes
- Aging: With age, the discs become less flexible and more prone to damage.
- Trauma: A sudden blow to the neck or head can cause a herniated disc.
- Degenerative disc disease: A gradual wear and tear of the discs over time can lead to herniation.
- Repetitive stress: Activities that involve repetitive stress on the neck can lead to a herniated disc.
- Genetics: Certain genetic factors can make some people more susceptible to herniated discs.
Risk factors
- Age: The risk of cervical disc herniation increases with age.
- Gender: Men are more likely to develop this condition than women.
- Genetics: Certain genetic factors can make some people more susceptible to herniated discs.
- Occupation: Jobs that require repetitive stress on the neck can increase the risk of cervical disc herniation.
- Obesity: Excess weight can put more pressure on the spine and increase the risk of herniated discs.
Associated conditions
- Spinal stenosis: This condition occurs when the space around the spinal cord narrows, putting pressure on the cord and nerves.
- Spondylosis: This is a general term for degenerative changes in the spine, including the discs and vertebrae.
- Osteoarthritis: This is a type of arthritis that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints wears down over time.
Diagnosis
- Medical history: The doctor will ask questions about the symptoms and medical history of the patient.
- Physical examination: The doctor will perform a physical examination to check for signs of cervical disc herniation.
- Imaging tests: X-rays, MRI, CT scan or myelogram may be done to determine the exact location and severity of the herniated disc.
Differential diagnosis
- Cervical spondylosis
- Cervical stenosis
- Cervical sprain
- Brachial plexus injury
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
Treatment options
- Rest and medication: The patient may be advised to rest the neck and take pain-relieving medications.
- Physical therapy: A physical therapist can help the patient perform exercises that can relieve pain and improve flexibility.
- Corticosteroid injections: Injecting corticosteroids directly into the affected area can help relieve pain and inflammation.
- Surgery: Surgery may be necessary if the symptoms do not improve with other treatments or if the herniated disc is pressing on the spinal cord.
Typical recovery timeframes
The recovery time varies depending on the severity of the herniation, the treatment method used, and the individual’s overall health. In some cases, recovery can occur within a few weeks or months, while in other cases, it may take several months or even up to a year for the symptoms to completely subside.
Prognosis
Most people with cervical disc herniation respond well to conservative treatments and experience significant improvement in their symptoms. However, in some cases, the condition may require surgery, and there may be a risk of permanent nerve damage or disability. It is important to seek medical attention if the symptoms persist or worsen over time.