Ankle syndesmosis injury, also known as high ankle sprain, is a type of ankle sprain that involves the ligaments that connect the tibia and fibula bones in the lower leg. This type of injury is less common than the more typical lateral ankle sprain, but can be more severe and take longer to heal.
Symptoms
- Pain and swelling above the ankle joint
- Tenderness when pressing on the syndesmosis area
- Difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg
- Bruising and/or redness
- Stiffness and decreased range of motion
Causes
Ankle syndesmosis injuries often occur when the foot is rotated or twisted forcefully while the ankle is flexed or extended. This can happen during sports activities, falls or accidents.
Risk factors
- Participating in sports that require sudden changes in direction or jumping, such as basketball, soccer or football
- Previous ankle injuries
- Poor ankle strength and stability
- Inadequate warm-up or stretching before activity
Associated conditions
- Lateral ankle sprain
- Fracture of the tibia or fibula
- Achilles tendon rupture
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ankle syndesmosis injury involves a physical examination and medical history, as well as imaging tests such as X-ray, MRI or ultrasound. The doctor will check for tenderness, swelling and instability of the ankle joint.
Differential diagnosis
Ankle syndesmosis injury can be confused with a lateral ankle sprain or other ankle injuries. It is important to differentiate between these injuries in order to provide appropriate treatment.
Treatment options
Treatment for ankle syndesmosis injury depends on the severity of the injury. It may include:
- Rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE)
- Immobilization of the ankle with a brace or cast
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and swelling
- Physical therapy to strengthen the ankle and improve range of motion
- Surgery in severe cases, such as in cases where there is a complete tear of the syndesmosis ligament or if conservative treatment fails.
Typical recovery timeframes
Recovery time for ankle syndesmosis injury depends on the severity of the injury and the treatment received. Mild injuries may take several weeks to heal, while more severe injuries may take several months. It is important to follow the prescribed treatment plan and allow sufficient time for healing to occur.
Prognosis
Most people with ankle syndesmosis injury recover well with appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. However, the injury can sometimes lead to chronic ankle instability or arthritis, especially if left untreated or if the ankle is reinjured. It is important to seek prompt medical attention for ankle injuries to prevent complications and ensure optimal recovery.