Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury of the knee occurs when the ligament on the inner side of the knee is stretched or torn. This can happen due to sudden impact or twisting of the knee, such as during sports or physical activity. MCL injuries are common in athletes who participate in contact sports such as football or hockey.
Symptoms of an MCL injury include pain on the inner side of the knee, swelling, and difficulty bending or straightening the knee. There may also be a feeling of instability in the knee or a popping sound at the time of injury.
Risk factors for MCL injuries include participation in contact sports, previous knee injuries, and obesity. Women may also be more prone to MCL injuries due to differences in anatomy and hormone levels.
Diagnosis of an MCL injury is typically made through a physical examination of the knee, including an assessment of range of motion and stability. Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI may also be ordered to assess the extent of the injury.
Differential diagnosis of MCL injury may include other knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, meniscus tear, or patellar dislocation.
Treatment options for MCL injuries may vary depending on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), as well as physical therapy to improve strength and stability in the knee. More severe injuries may require a knee brace or immobilization with a cast or splint. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or reconstruct the MCL.
Typical recovery timeframes for MCL injuries can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the injury and the chosen treatment. Prognosis for MCL injuries is generally good, with most people making a full recovery and returning to normal activities with proper treatment and rehabilitation. However, some people may experience ongoing instability or pain in the knee, particularly if the injury was severe or left untreated.