Cubital tunnel syndrome, also known as ulnar neuropathy, is a condition that occurs when the ulnar nerve, which runs from the neck to the hand, is compressed or irritated at the elbow. This results in pain, weakness, and numbness in the forearm and hand.
Symptoms
- Pain and numbness in the forearm and hand, particularly in the ring and little fingers
- Weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip or pinch objects
- Tingling sensation or electric shock-like sensation in the forearm and hand
- Worsening symptoms at night
- Muscle wasting in the hand
Causes
- Pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow due to repetitive motion, such as typing or using a mouse
- Pressure on the nerve from leaning on the elbow for long periods of time
- Direct injury to the elbow, such as a fracture or dislocation
- Arthritis or bone spurs in the elbow
Risk factors
- People who perform repetitive motions with their elbows, such as athletes or office workers, are at higher risk of developing cubital tunnel syndrome.
- Individuals who have had a previous injury to the elbow or have arthritis are also at higher risk.
Associated conditions
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disease
- Cubital tunnel syndrome can also be associated with other nerve compression syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
Diagnosis
- Medical history and physical examination by a doctor
- Nerve conduction studies
- Electromyography (EMG)
- X-rays or MRI to rule out other conditions, such as arthritis or bone spurs
Differential diagnosis
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Cervical radiculopathy
Treatment options
- Resting the affected elbow and avoiding activities that aggravate the symptoms
- Use of a brace or splint to keep the elbow in a straight position while sleeping or during activities that involve bending of the elbow
- Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strengthen the muscles of the forearm
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other pain medication to relieve pain and inflammation
- Surgery to relieve pressure on the nerve if symptoms do not improve with conservative treatment
Typical recovery timeframes
- With conservative treatment, symptoms may improve within a few weeks to a few months.
- Recovery time after surgery can vary, but most people can expect to return to normal activities within 6-12 weeks.
Prognosis
- Most people with cubital tunnel syndrome recover well with conservative treatment or surgery.
- However, in severe cases, there may be permanent weakness or loss of sensation in the hand.